# 8% of Americans are deep users of the participatory Web and mobile applications
# 23% are heavy, pragmatic tech adopters – they use gadgets to keep up with social networks or be productive at work
#10% rely on mobile devices for voice, texting, or entertainment #10% use information gadgets, but find it a hassle
# 49% of Americans only occasionally use modern gadgetry and many others bristle at electronic connectivity
How does this web user classification / typology help you : This can help you decide how should you meet the expectations of your users. Most importantly if would also tell you what to expect from your users. If you think you will launch a UGC site and all of your users will start contributing, it doesn’t happen at all. Only 2% of your users will actually post the content that you want, may be the Omnivores ones. Connectors would make your content popular and the Productivity Enhancers will pull that content from subscriptions. So you need to have tools and features that target these users. You don’t need to actually get into the minds of these users, you need to have features and tools that makes it all easier for you users to do what they want.
Met Tim Napoleon at Akamai’s user forum in Mumbai, yesterday. Tim spoke about the future of HD on web and how Akamai can help realize that. You can check out the HD web proof of concept on loveearth.com.
HDTV is defined by the industry to be video with significantly high pixel resolution of 1080i, 1080p or 720p. In the broadcast world, the industry is undergoing a series of transformations that are standardizing the delivery of high-definition video to the home. For the Internet, Akamai is making the HD web possible by continuing to refine the infrastructure required to bring the HDTV experience to online audiences. Additionally, Akamai will continue to lead this effort with new service launches, device integration, and partnerships with technology vendors, expected in the coming months. Akamai has architected its platform to comply with the following technical criteria that content owners must leverage to successfully enable an HD web. Akamai believes that it is the first and only platform to meet these technical requirements which include offering:
- Technology and an operational model to operate serving devices in the largest high-throughput networks around the world (servers need to be physically in the networks, as that is where the capacity lies)
- Established relationships with the largest high throughput networks Support for delivery, storage, and management of files greater than 2 Gigabytes
- Support of VC-1 and MPEG-4 video standards, achieving visual parity with other broadcast video networks Support for files with resolutions of 720p, 1080i and 1080p
- Client-side technology that is deeply integrated into its delivery system to be deployed as appropriate
Tim also shared some best practices for producing on demand video on web.Tim likes photography and spicy Indian food
User content is at the heart of Web 2.0, which has spawned hundreds of sites that encourage users to share, discuss and contribute their ideas, photos, videos and digital miscellany. Acknowledging and adapting to this trend has been a key challenge for traditional, professional media sites whose business models have relied on being a one-way, authoritative gatekeeper of information and content. City University’s senior journalism lecturer Neil Thurman has carried out four years of research into the uncomfortable relationship between traditional news organisations and user-generated content. Published last week, his report - ‘Forums for citizen journalists?’ - says that despite a heavy emphasis on UGC, the volume of response from users is typically very low and UGC is also a big drain on resources because of moderation and legal issues.
Talking about moderation issue raised in the study
The moderation is of course the most important issue on any news sites :The reaction to an abusive post is 100 times more on a reputed news site that a open forum or pure UGC sites. The news sites not only get flames from the regular pious users but also from the goverment, legal and sensorship authorities. A celebrity would not dare to sue a pure UGC site but would not leave if it a mainstream media company.
But still the benefits out weigh the demerits of having a UGC as in between you always have some gems who would offer you the true, genuine and unique insight to a particular topic or situation.
Outsource your moderation: Many news sites assign this double duty to their editors to moderate the content and comments. This is painful and not something an editor or media professional would enjoy. Instead of that one should device a policy, hand it over to outsourced moderator and focus on content and quality.
Pre and Post Moderation:There is no ideal method of pre-moderation or the post-moderation. One has to have both so that mistakes can be avoided and corrected. Also don’t fatigue a particular moderator on handling everything that you have. Have different levels of delegations in moderation process, so that you have a basic moderator for 1st level content filtering, 2nd level moderator who may only work on post moderation and other issues and the 3rd level of super-super moderator who acts as an arbitrator for any major disputes and issue with legal and users.
Kathy Sierra is my most favorite blogger so far. Infact, my blog is kind of inspired by her blog creation passionate users. Inspired by the name, I created my blog ‘how to make users happy‘. Unfortunately, she doesn’t blog now due to some reasons. But I am still under the awe of her brilliant content and her passion towards creating passionate users.
I have managed products which had user base of millions and I know what passion means to handle such products as the creator and what does it mean to your users who have passion towards your users. It was my after-discovery, at the time of creating the product I was just thinking about the usefulness and not the users and even that worked for my users. It changed my approach and I started thinking product management in terms of users, user benefits, personal benefits and the social benefit.
It made me realize that I am not the owner of these properties, they are and that has only happened because we were offering something which was so wonderful that users become passionate about it. In the cut-throat competitive scenario you can only lead, if you have the passionate users backing you up. But this drive has to come within and should be culture not a profit driven initiative. Don’t think dollars, think customers, think humans.
Here is the video of Kathy Sierra found n Tim O’Reilly’s blog. Tim had interviewed Kathy at TOC (Tools of Change for Publishing) conference. Please follow Tim’s blog for the fully story and update.
Alex Moskalyuk points to this iCrossing study - how america searches for health and wellness. Almost 41% of online users used the Web to self-diagnose or self-treat a condition. I feel it’s mainly due to the rising health care costs and lack of guidance and support from the health care professionals. The most important attribute for any health care professional is to offer consultancy, how often do you get that advice from the doctor. Most of the expertise is focussed around treating and curing and not towards preventive health care. Preventive health care is becoming a luxurious ’spa’ like industry or sweat it out ‘gymming’ industry, with 1000s of newbies posing as the ‘health experts’. Where is the preventive or the most common health knowledge in the public domain ?. Most importantly, where is the ‘care’ in the health care ‘industry’. I have parents with diabetes and BP and had to change 3 doctors and finally get to the 4th one who offered not just medicines but advice and consultation too.
Problem with health information available online: How many users can really make out that the page they are on is researched or a professional material like a journal or something like MensHealth. There are thousands of content posers in this domain who have a ‘professional looking’ blog or a product page and directing you towards the ads of dubious companies. This trend is not good for people, if they start following the advices or products that they get online. The problem is not finding the information, its about the right information from a right source - the information that you can trust.
Most users see the mobile Web as a novelty, and not a necessity. They face frustratingly slow load times and expensive data charges when they navigate to feature-rich pages that, by comparison, pop up in an instant on their PCs. To complicate things further, users have their choice of hundreds of different mobile devices, two major operating systems, 40 different browsers and four mobile Web platforms.
Standardization: This is the most difficult of all, different browsers, different mobile OSs and different screen sizes. The biggest problem is different handset resolutions and expectations. If your handset supports ‘web’ it doesn’t mean it would look good too. My best experience on net has been so far on my HTC touch phone with Windows Mobile 6. The handset makers have to market their handsets appropriately, common mobile cannot be a replacement for a computer
Connection / Mobile operators as the gateways: In Indian markets, the mobile operators are just pushing ring tunes and other not so serious VAS stuff. And they also think that they can provide content on their own. They would have a better business if they focus of becoming a gateway to the mobile web world and partner with web content providers. By this, the web content providers won’t have the problem of competing with Mobile operators and would have a incentive to provide much better experience to the mobile web users, as they would have a better traffic.
Tony Patton writes a nice article on Builder.au on testing web applications on multiple browsers. He points to tools and resources who will make your life easy in the testing of your web applications for old / new browsers and for mobile.
UK is thinking about the proposal to ban the users who download the illegal stuff from the net and this will be done through the ISPs. It will be a legistlation that ISP have to block the users making the illegal download. This is not only a privacy violation but also would be a big headache for the ISP and the general public. What if your 10 year old down downloads a illegal game or what is some technically challenged employ of yours downloads a illegal software utility from the web. If the blocking happens to these kind of incidents then the whole office / home at a loss.
Ben Macklin and Karin von Abrams, Senior Analysts on Emarketer throw up some interesting data on Europe’s 350 million Internet users.:
Europe is a diverse region comprising 48 countries, 27 of which are in the European Union. The region contains some of the world’s Internet usage leaders, such as the Netherlands and Scandinavia, where penetration is around 80% of the population.
In contrast, countries such as Greece, Russia, Poland and Italy lag well behind the European average. But most of these nations are enjoying a surge of Internet growth. Within five years, only Russia will have less than half of its population online.
In terms of sheer size, Germany is the largest Internet market in Europe, followed by Russia and the UK, according to eMarketer’s recent estimates.
“While the click can continue to be a relevant metric for direct response advertising campaigns, this study demonstrates that click performance is the wrong measure for the effectiveness of brand-building campaigns,” said Erin Hunter, executive vice president at comScore. “For many campaigns, the branding effect of the ads is what’s really important and generating clicks is more of an ancillary benefit. Ultimately, judging a campaign’s effectiveness by clicks can be detrimental because it overlooks the importance of branding while simultaneously drawing conclusions from a sub-set of people who may not be representative of the target audience.”
Before coming to any conclusions, I would wait to know where were these clicks measured - search engines, social networks, portals, community sites…. The user behaviour and returns from the ads would vary across these sites and would it be wise to generalize the outcomes ?
Questions ?
Where do consumers spend time, how you can build context on sites with high engagement but less ad context (social networks), would you want presence or conversions there ?
Where consumers are seeking information (news, nice content, bookmarks), since there engagement is low, do you want to have impressions there or the clicks which are very very relevant to the page where user is directly landing in ?
On any high trafficked home page of any web property, which is more wiser, impressions or clicks ?
Slashdot reports TimO’Reilly interview with Devin Wning, CEO, Reuters. It talks about the fast and smart news which not only offers the news without any latency but also does it smartly by automatically detecting linkages in it ; name, place and things. Reuters has provided free and open access to Calais API, which turns returns a formal meaningful RDF graph from an unstructured text.
Secondly, Wenig claimed that we are coming to the end of an era where the company with the least time delay in delivering news held a competitive advantage. This second point exposed a very important trend for the future of news data: that the timing of news is no longer a crucial factor, but rather the sources of the news and the information which can be derived from connections between them. In other words, the processing of the data. This is where the Semantic Web steps in. The aim is not just to mark data with semantic metadata, but to use the semantic data to derive added-value additional information from the original data for the consumer, where the consumer may be another news company, or the end consumer. Thus, the focus is on making insights from the data through semantic technology.
The future of news thus in not limited providing or publishing the news but to make the connection and provide much more insight into the news. And as the news is not just limited to a textual story, the outcome out of a semantic news will be pretty complex, challenging but very very interesting. On a semantic news platform the thing has to make sense through the main participants of the news - name, place, things (date, people, location, time, company, etc) and as the also through the various media formats available through the news (audio, video, pictures and text).
Generating semantics through text itself is not easy and making sense of media would add to the overall challenge. Would this be done by the publisher of the media or the extraction through this can be done machines ?. Definitely it means lots and lots of processing and has to start with seeding of metadata from the publishers and using the to build up the AI through natural language processing and learning.
Just saw a OLPC coverage on TV recently and it seems that first pilot is already few months old and running in Khairat village near Mumbai.. OLPC means one laptop per child and meant to be distributed in developing countries around the world to provide access to computers, gain & spread knowledge, explore and experient.
The hole in the wall experiment At first, you would really wonder about the success of this project. But have a look the ‘hole in the wall experiment’, an experiment carried out in Delhi by NIIT. A few computers were placed near a slum area with screen and sort of joystick to control the mouse and no keyboard. Children aged 6-12, who had not seen computers in their lifetime, had very rudimentary education and with no English skills were the heaviest users of that project and on their own they taught themselves to draw on the computer and to browse the net. They copied each other, shared the skills and were very good discovering things and giving their own names to the menu options as they learnt.
From hole in the wall to power in the hands I hope what was discovered in that project should also come out true in the OLPC since every child has access to one know. I am not sure what it will do and what will be it’s effect on our Indian education system. But I don’t want to be a skeptic and I am sure kids will find their own potential and discover things for themselves, the things otherwise they would have never discovered.
I was just going through this press release from Comscorewhich says that U.S. Internet Users Viewed 10 Billion Videos Online in record breaking month of december.
This makes me think:
Can online video create the same impact on the music industry as MP3, Napster and file sharing did.
Is the citizen media progressing towards multimedia citizen media and not just plain text.
Has TV & Film industry noticed it and if they have what are they going to do about it.
Will it change the consumption habits of audiences where they would want to consume everything in capsules. Or they will be maintain the differentiation between online consumption and traditional screen consumption.
How it is going to impact the future delivery of entertainment in your theatres, on your TV, on your monitor or on your handhelds.
How is it going to impact the news broadcasters, with camera in hand (device/mobile) users can reach where reporters cannot so it’s worry some for news broadcasters or entertainers.
What will be the power metrics of a channel or a studio, will they just become the distributors ?
What should be the roadmap for any media company, to embrace online video or keep a distance and position themselves as premium content providers.
What about the audiences, for news they go to internet, for classifieds they go to internet, for music they go to internet and for video now they go to internet. Is their newspaper and TV consumption dying. Will we now have a generation which will have no newspaper no tv.
Overall is it a good news or a bad news for the media industry. What will happen to their revenues, their quality, their audiences and most importantly their advertisers.
Music industry is still in the denial mode for mp3 & it’s sharing, but at least now you can download a song instead of a album. What will happen to films and TV ?
What about the artists and producers, they should now produce for the studio or the public, who is their audience ?
Jan Dennis, Business and Law Editor @ UIUC has a nice article on web 2.0 user influence - Study: Web sites influence users, even when they don’t communicate directly. Mi Xia, BA professor says " the seemingly impersonal voting, tagging, ratings and even music catalogs offered on so-called Web 2.0 sites can influence users, not unlike more traditional written commentaries posted on blogs and in chat rooms.". This new method of communicating with each other without really interacting may be termed as "ballot box communications", where you can know what’s really popular and what other users are thinking without communicating directly with the users. If you see the trends of social influencing you can see it everywhere - in news, in videos, in images, in social networks, in music and in general all over the web. In other words also called as ‘Memes:
A meme (pronounced /miːm/), as defined by memetic theory, constitutes a theoretical unit of cultural information, the building block of culture or cultural evolution which spreads through diffusion propagating from one mind to another analogously to the way in which a gene propagates from one organism to another as a unit of genetic information and of biological evolution.[1] Multiple memes may propagate as cooperative groups called memeplexes (meme complexes).
As more and more people are shifting from paper to screens and becoming the digitial natives, the trend of onlien social inflluence would grow. No longer people, people keep pages to themselves, they act and they influence. The influence need not be limited to clicks and views but it also spreads through blogs and slashdot like communities, where the topic is discussed online as it would be discussed in an offline world. Researchers are taking a note of this trend and are advicing the businesses to not just to look at the ‘elite influencers’ and also involve these normal public who are now the ’social influencers’. You may wait endlessly fot that ‘tipping point and completely miss the social trend that these social influencers propogate.
Now that we have more mobile phone users than those without it, is the tipping point for mobile internet user near ?. Well it can be, search, news and local applications are becoming more mobile aware and users are using their handsets to get the information anwhere and anytime. But as this article suggests we need to focus on the needs of mobile users and satisfy that need with speed, accuracy and within that screen. The requirements of a mobile internet user may not be same as that of the normal internet user. For example, when I am searching for ‘Pubs in bangalore’ as a normal online user - I may be looking for detailed reviews and all, but when I search the same through mobile - may be I just want the address. For tipping point to arrive or to pick up, the web sites and services would need to involve and offer irresistible services.
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In plain English, the subjects’ brains showed different kinds of activation when viewing individuals they thought were similar vs. individuals thought to be different. There was a bit of good news - the differences in brain activation were minimal when the subjects imagined the profiled individuals engaged in a neutral activity, like enjoying Thanksgiving with family.
The marketing takeaway is that people will categorize others as being similar or dissimilar based on both external cues like appearance as well as what they believe to be true about the individual. So, when the salesperson walks into a customer’s office and says, “Hey, I see you are a Notre Dame football fan too! What do you think they’ll do next season?” he is doing more than breaking the ice with the customer. He’s at least moving to neutral ground and at best establishing himself as “like me” in the customer’s mind.
Christine Huang points to technology and media researcher Mauro Cherubini citing reasons of failures of mobile applications:
# Lack of market model. E. g., Mobile blogging did not really address a real user need;
# Lack of advertisement;
# Lack of awareness / lack of certainty. For instance applications might show an inconsistence mechanism of use or either they did not offer appropriate feedback. People could feel uncertain that the application will accomplish their communication intentions;
# Lack of culture. Either there is not a culture around a new service or the service might offer something which exist in other forms in other contexts;
# Ergonomic barriers. Usability issues like extremely complicate installation procedures or interaction mechanisms;
# Pricing/cost model. The user might feel uncomfortable if s/he is not sure of how much s/he is going to pay for using the system or the service;
# Tradeoff between responding to needs and creating new needs. I actually think that we should design following the first principle but most of the time is the other way around and this lead developers to design for false needs;
# Lack of standards. One of the biggest barrier for mobile development is the lack of standards. Devices offer inconsistent features and APIs and multi-device programming is extremely costly, and buggy…
David cites an interesting example of how social media has passed the test through recent elections campaigning in the US and the turnout :
Are social media tools creating high turnout? Absolutely not. There are a million different reasons someone gets motivated to vote, and I doubt any of them begin with the word, “MySpace.” But these tools are absolutely critical to that campaign’s success.
We’ve known for decades, even centuries, that young people filter information through their peers. This filter makes the information more credible and approachable. That’s what social networks do.
While some might think social network utilities like MySpace are just a techie-based wedge to give nerds their own secret club, they’re actually filters that break down barriers of communication. They expand access to information. They give consumers some ownership of that information. And the marketing guru-types will tell you when someone feels ownership over something, they’re more likely to act.
Tata has launched a website named www.tatanano.com to direct to an intrinsically social media driven website for the Tata Nano hosted on Tata Motors subdomain. The website features a blog and a forum which already has 12000 members and a dream car configurator which allows you to play with Tata Nano’s design and create your own design.
Evan McIntosh jots down some asian mobile stats some nice data on China and the mobile divide in the region. I think the trend is somewhat similar in India. Manu has some detailed stats on India
LinkedIn is finding new and interesting ways in which to use its data, not for advertising, but for research. According to an O’Reilly report, LinkedIn will be launching the LinkedIn Research Network in order to provide primary research services to financial markets. The new research arm is scheduled to be launched later on this year.
Baseline Magazine is reporting on a study by Cisco that teases out the differing attitudes about online security among users across the globe. For instance, remote workers worldwide think the internet is getting safer … except the folks in Italy and Germany. These folks also have a lot of faith in their corporate IT departments as 51 percent said their work computers are more secure than their personal PCs, and nearly half (45 percent) believe they are more vulnerable to malware and hacks when they’re working outside their corporate perimeter. Irony of ironies, the Brazilians hold Net security in the highest regard.”
Marshall Kirpatrick feels MySpace Platform aims to pick up where Facebook left off and FaceReviews carries a detailed comparison of MySpace with Facebook platform. Whereas, Eweek questions the data portability.
Facebook is gearing up to the situation and trying to make its application more intelligent by punishing stupid applications
Do you know that you loose a very high proportion of users just at the time of registration itself ? And I am sure, you must be aware about the conversion rate - site visitor wanting to become a registered user. So when the user has decided to register on your site, do yourself a favour and don’t kick out the guest, whom you youself had invited and is really precious for you.
What the top like items that you should consider at the time of registration.
- Keep registration very simple, clean and neat - Don’t ask too much of information - Ask information which is MUST for a user to start using your site. - Don’t have any fields that won’t be used immediately post registration. Ask it later
Let’s have a look at it one by one
Product Proposition Make it very clear to the user what’s your site is all about and what benefits you users will get as a registered user. If the product and its benefit should be ‘painfully clear’ to the user. So that he knows what to expect and what to do post login. Post login, he will actively seek out click those items and begin his journey as a user. However, this communication should be sort of benefits and action items
Login ID = Email ID You can ask the user to create a unique user ID if it is a must for you, but always have you login ID as the Email ID. Users register at so many places, it is easier for them to remember their email ID and not the unique user ID that they create on your site, unless they are using it daily. I completely agree with Guy Kawasaki on this, I have suffered this most as a user
Scenario: I come to a site and I am asked to create a user ID, I try to register and on every attempt I am told that this ID is already taken up. Post 100 permutations and combinations I come up SK123PQR - which is only available. Do you think I am going to remember this randomly generated ID next time when I try to login to your site.
The bare minimum you will need Most of the sites can manage their registration just with Username, Email ID, Password, Confirm Password and Simple Captcha field. Anything beyond this, think if it is really necessary
Confirmation Mail Confirmation mail is the mail you send to the user to validate the email ID. Don’t depend on this, you should keep a check on your mail servers and have a proper MIS so that you know it is working. Otherwise, by the time you will know it is not working, you must have lost 100s and 1000s of users.
Also keep the communication simple in this mail. Keep the mail in plain text and don’t make it heavy with links, communication and other promo. You should also know how to maintain your mails and servers so that they are not marked as spammers.
Welcome Mail. I don’t find it necessary, I haven’t gone through any confirmation mails in my life. It may be useful for some people who properly go through all their mails but not for majority of the users like me, who use 100s of sites and the delete is the most used button in the mail program. But if you want to keep it limited to top 2-3 things that you have to offer and not to overwhelm the user with plethora of choices. Keep it simple and the make the call to action very clear - ‘now what should I do’ - answer this questions for the new user.
Welcome and Handholding The first screen for the fresh user should properly guide him - what all is available and what all things he can do. Don’t confuse him with everything that you have, be selective and guide him towards the best of the things that you have and the most logical place where he should begin with.
Never ask any information for the future. At the time of registration, resist asking any information which is not relevant to the user, but you want it because in future you may come up with certain killer feature / module. User will find it utterly useless and you will get this data 111111 qweqewqwe, which is anyways not useful to you for your now or for your feature. If the user doesn’t find the benefit he will become a keyboard jockey out of frustration.
Divide & rule. It at all you require multiple information from the user at the time of registration, breakup into sections and clearly communicate to the user why you are asking that information in tone "this will help you to". Again, if the information can be skipped, skip it.
Communication while registration The communication at the time of registration should be very simple and very relevant to the stage of registration. Don’t pack in information which is not relevant to the process, the registration page cannot be the marketing page - it should only be about the benefits to the user in relation to the registration information that you are asking for.
What is user satisfaction ? The satisfaction of your users, the contentment that your users feel when they are using your product and services or interacting with your brand in anyway - The feeling that they have done right, that their choice is right, that they got the best, that they have paid the right cost, that they are with a good company.
Why do you need to evaluate user satisfaction ? If you don’t know how satisfied your users are and it they are getting any kind of satisfaction at all - these people will be immediately snatched by your competitors who know what do you offer and what you do not offer. So knowing the user satisfaction is important to retain the users, bring continual improvement, compete with other brands, keep up with user demands and drive the growth of you and your users.
What can give you false idea about user satisfaction ? The confusing internal and external surveys, improper interviews, focussed groups and other evaluation methods. Just ask yourself by doing this do you know your customers better now or you have just added one more statistical slide to your presentation. Don’t believe in anything, just because it is done professionally - before you do that - understand first what you need to know and what would be the use of that outcome. The aim of any such surveys would be to include it in our roadmap, strategy and implementations.
What is the right way of judging user satisfaction ? Forget, user satisfaction. Any business would just think about that with the same concept in mind and would get the same results. You would always be in competition with similar set of people and play up in the quarterly rat race. Make your users happy, take a big leap and become the leaders.
How & Why to know if you are making your users happy ? Can you have 10 real testimonials per customer or user interaction points. 10 people each where they were extra satisfied and happy to know your front sales executive, call centre guys, management, partners, other customers. Just try doing that and you will know how difficult it is to get these 10 customers testimonials at every phase of user interaction. How easy is to ask 10 questions and get yes/no answers and how difficult is to get compelling stories. The idea thus should be to make customers happy and not just satisfy them - I can be just satisfied b’cos it was convinient for me to do so, but has the brand met my all expectations or done anything beyond my expecations level. That extra makes me the fan, makes me the evangelist and gives that company a extra kick in the pants.
Read user satisfaction = customer satisfcation = consumer satisfaction
Folding@home™ is a distributed computing project at Stanford University which aims at researching protein folding and misfolding to gain an understanding of how these are related to disease. Some of the diseases that this research covers are Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and many forms of cancer and many many others.
Environmental Leader carries a guest post "Top 10 reasons to green IT" from Kevin Klustner President and CEO, Verdiem I have seen articles talking about the direct benefits, but in this article the author talks about the overall social benefits as well:
6. Inspire employees: Employees feel a deep sense of pride working in organizations that do their part for the environment. When your employees know their computers are using less than half the power they used to, with no impact on productivity, they’ll know they personally are helping to reduce the company’s carbon footprint.
7. Improved reputation and brand value: According to the BBMG Conscious Consumer Report, the vast majority of Americans not only expect business leaders and marketers to provide environmentally-friendly products, but they’re adamant that those “green friendly” claims are backed up
